長毛兔養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)狀

　　Current situation of breeding long haired rabbits

　　1.毛兔品種培育。(1)毛兔市場需求。目前兔毛產(chǎn)品，紡高支紗、做輕薄產(chǎn)品是個(gè)方向。一方面符合服裝向輕薄化發(fā)展的潮流，另外也易于解決原兔毛產(chǎn)品存在的掉毛、起球、縮水三大難題，因此對細(xì)度的要求較高。(2)培育適合市場的兔毛品種。通過調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前養(yǎng)殖的長毛兔，細(xì)毛細(xì)度偏粗，多為16～17微米，因此，對毛兔的培育不能將只放在提高產(chǎn)量上，而應(yīng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品的需要綜合考慮。對毛長的要求比細(xì)度要低些，毛長3～4厘米的兔毛，即可滿足紡紗的要求，而毛長2厘米左右的兔毛可以用來與棉進(jìn)行混紡。

　　1. Cultivation of rabbit breeds. (1) The market demand for rabbits. At present, spinning high count yarn and making lightweight products are the directions for rabbit hair products. On the one hand, it conforms to the trend of clothing development towards lightness and thinness, and on the other hand, it is easy to solve the three major problems of shedding, pilling, and shrinkage in original rabbit hair products, so the requirement for fineness is relatively high. (2) Cultivate rabbit hair breeds suitable for the market. Through research, it has been found that the fine hair fineness of the currently cultivated long haired rabbits is relatively coarse, mostly 16-17 microns. Therefore, the cultivation of long haired rabbits should not only focus on increasing yield, but should be comprehensively considered according to the needs of the product. The requirement for hair length is lower than fineness. Rabbit hair with a hair length of 3-4 centimeters can meet the spinning requirements, while rabbit hair with a hair length of about 2 centimeters can be blended with cotton.

　　2.養(yǎng)毛期的確定。長毛兔的養(yǎng)毛期要根據(jù)毛紡市場的需求靈活掌握。果勇養(yǎng)殖場對不同養(yǎng)毛期兔毛生長速度和纖維細(xì)度進(jìn)行了測定，結(jié)果表明，兔毛前期生長速度(1～20天)超過1毫米/天，以后的生長速度逐漸減慢。50天養(yǎng)毛期，兔毛長度可達(dá)到35毫米，60天接近40毫米，70天背部兔毛可達(dá)到50毫米。實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中可根據(jù)各地不同的氣候特點(diǎn)及市場需求，適當(dāng)調(diào)整養(yǎng)毛期，晚春早夏季節(jié)，采用50～70天的養(yǎng)毛期，兔毛可達(dá)到紡織要求。

　　2. Determination of hair growth period. The breeding period of long haired rabbits should be flexibly controlled according to the demand of the wool textile market. The Guoyong breeding farm measured the growth rate and fiber fineness of rabbit hair at different feeding stages. The results showed that the growth rate of rabbit hair in the early stage (1-20 days) exceeded 1 mm/day, and the growth rate gradually slowed down thereafter. During the 50 day hair raising period, the length of rabbit hair can reach 35 millimeters, approaching 40 millimeters after 60 days, and reaching 50 millimeters on the back after 70 days. In actual production, the wool raising period can be adjusted appropriately according to the different climatic characteristics and market demands in various regions. From late spring to early summer, a wool raising period of 50-70 days can be adopted, and rabbit hair can meet textile requirements.

　　3.飼料現(xiàn)狀。目前在生產(chǎn)過程中使用的大宗飼料原料主要為玉米、餅粕類、農(nóng)作物秸稈和部分工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品等，隨著工業(yè)用玉米用量的增加和畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展對飼料原料需求的增加，養(yǎng)殖業(yè)面臨飼料上漲、飼料來源緊張和飼料質(zhì)量難以控制的問題，特別是粗飼料，很難滿足長毛兔生產(chǎn)的需要，因此，必須開發(fā)非常規(guī)飼料。

　　3. Current situation of feed. At present, the main bulk feed materials used in the production process are corn, cake, crop straw, and some industrial by-products. With the increase in industrial corn consumption and the growing demand for feed materials in animal husbandry, the breeding industry is facing problems such as rising feed prices, tight feed sources, and difficult control of feed quality, especially coarse feed, which is difficult to meet the production needs of long haired rabbits. Therefore, unconventional feed must be developed.

　　(1)食用菌菌渣。菌渣為食用菌產(chǎn)菇后的廢料，食用菌栽培原料經(jīng)微生物發(fā)酵后，部分物質(zhì)被降解，可適當(dāng)添加用作畜禽飼料。在兔飼料中添加10%～15%，可在不影響生產(chǎn)性能的情況下減少飼料成本。比如金針菇菌渣與小麥麩皮相比，粗蛋白略低，粗纖維含量接近，但菌渣為有益菌發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品，含有更多的菌體蛋白和非蛋白氮，更適宜兔的消化和利用，可完全替代小麥麩皮。但由于新鮮菌渣含水量高達(dá)40%以上，生產(chǎn)中必須在良好天氣情況下將新鮮菌渣快速曬干或烘干，以減少霉變，限制了新鮮菌渣的開發(fā)利用，可添加菌渣時(shí)適當(dāng)添加脫霉劑。

　　(1) Edible mushroom residue. Mushroom residue is the waste material produced by edible fungi after mushroom production. After microbial fermentation, some substances in the cultivation materials of edible fungi are degraded and can be appropriately added as livestock and poultry feed. Adding 10% to 15% to rabbit feed can reduce feed costs without affecting production performance. For example, compared to wheat bran, the residue of Flammulina velutipes has slightly lower crude protein and similar crude fiber content. However, the residue is a beneficial bacterial fermentation product, containing more bacterial protein and non protein nitrogen, which is more suitable for digestion and utilization by rabbits and can completely replace wheat bran. However, due to the high water content of over 40% in fresh mushroom residue, it is necessary to quickly dry or dry the residue in good weather conditions during production to reduce mold growth, which limits the development and utilization of fresh mushroom residue. Therefore, it is recommended to add appropriate mold removers when adding mushroom residue.

　　(2)蘋果粕。蘋果粕是采用、新鮮蘋果，經(jīng)挑選、清洗、壓榨、烘干、粉碎精制而成的一種、綠色飼料。小兔飼料可添加5%～8%，大兔飼料可添加10%～20%。(3)松針粉。松針粉是由馬尾松等樹種的針葉經(jīng)過一系列工藝加工而成的，在毛兔飼料中添加5%，可明顯增加毛密度，提高產(chǎn)毛量10%左右。

　　(2) Apple pulp. Apple pulp is a pure natural and green feed made from high-quality, fresh apples that have been selected, cleaned, pressed, dried, crushed, and refined. Small rabbit feed can be supplemented with 5% to 8%, while large rabbit feed can be supplemented with 10% to 20%. (3) Pine needle powder. Pine needle powder is made by processing the needles of tree species such as Pinus massoniana through a series of processes. Adding 5% to rabbit feed can significantly increase hair density and increase hair production by about 10%.

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